Using French Semi-Auxiliary Verbs

The most common  auxiliary verbs  are  avoir and à ªtre. These are the conjugated verbs that stand in front of another verb in compound tenses to indicate mood and tense. In addition to these two, French has a number of semi-auxiliary verbs, which are conjugated in order to express various nuances of time, mood, or aspect. These verbs are followed by an infinitive. Some semi-auxiliary verbs are equivalent to modal verbs in English and some are verbs of perception. Here are the uses and meanings of some frequently used French semi-auxiliary verbs. Aller In present or imperfect tense, aller means to be going to. Je vais à ©tudier. Im going to study. Jallais à ©tudier. I was going to study. In any tense, aller means  to go to/and. Va chercher les clà ©s. Go and look for the keys. Je suis allà © voir mon frà ¨re. I went to see my brother. In any tense, aller is used to emphasize the verb that follows. Je nirai pas rà ©pondre à   cela. Im not going to dignify that with a response. Je vais te dire une chose. Let me tell you something. Devoir In any tense, except conditional and past conditional, devoir indicates obligation or necessity. Jai dà » partir. I had to leave. Tu dois manger. You must eat. In conditional form, devoir means should. In past conditional, devoir means should have. Je devrais partir. I should leave. Il aurait dà » nous aider. He should have helped us. Faillir Fallir indicates that something almost happened. Il a failli tomber. He almost fell. Jai failli rater lexamen. I nearly failed the test. Faire Causative construction:  to make something happen, to have something done, to make someone do something. Jai fait laver la voiture. I had the car washed. Il me fait à ©tudier. Hes making me study. Laisser To let something happen, to let someone do something. Vas-tu me laisser sortir? Are you going to let me go out? Laisse-moi le faire. Let me do it. Manquer   Followed by optional de, manquer indicates that something was about to happen or nearly happened. Jai manquà © (de) mourir.   I almost died. Elle a manquà © (de) pleurer.   She nearly cried. Paraà ®tre   Paraà ®tre means to appear/to seem to. Ça paraà ®t à ªtre une erreur. That appears to be an error. Il paraissait à ªtre malade. He seemed to be sick. Partir Partir means to leave, in order to, to go to. Peux-tu partir acheter du pain? Could you go out and buy some bread? Il est parti à ©tudier en Italie. He went to study in Italy. Passer Passer means to call/drop in on, to call for, to go to. Passe me chercher demain. Come pick me up tomorrow. Il va passer voir ses amis. Hes going to drop in on his friends. Pouvoir Pouvoir means can, may, might, to be able to. Je peux vous aider. I can help you. Il peut à ªtre prà ªt. He might be ready. Savoir Savoir means to know how to. Sais-tu nager? Do you know how to swim? Je ne sais pas lire. I dont know how to read. Sembler Sembler means to seem/to appear to. Cela semble indiquer que†¦ That seems to indicate that†¦ La machine semble fonctionner. The machine appears to be working. Sortir de Sortir de means to have just done something  (informal). On sort de manger. We just ate. Il sortait de finir. He had just finished. Venir Venir means to come (in order) to. Je suis venu aider. Ive come to help. venir à   To happen to. David est venu à   arriver. David happened to arrive. venir de To have just done something. Je viens de me lever. I just got up. Vouloir Vouloir means to want to. Je ne veux pas lire à §a. I dont want to read that. Veux-tu sortir ce soir? Do you want to go out tonight? When Avoir  and  ÃƒÅ tre  Also Act as Semi-Auxiliary Verbs When followed by à   infinitive, avoir means to have to. Avoir  Ãƒ   Vous avez à   rà ©pondre. You have to respond. Jai à   à ©tudier. I have to study. Être Être à   To be in the process of. Es-tu à   partir? Are you leaving? Être censà © To be supposed to. Je suis censà © travailler. Im supposed to work. Être en passe de To be about to (usually indicates something positive). Je suis en passe de me marier. Im about to get married. Être en train de To be in the process of, to be doing something right now. On est en train de manger. Were eating (right now). Être loin de To not be about/going to. Je suis loin de te mentir. Im not about to lie to you. Être pour To be ready/prepared/willing to. Je ne suis pas pour voler. Im not willing to steal. Être prà ¨s de To be about to, ready to. Es-tu prà ¨s de partir? Are you about to leave? Être sur le point de?   To be about to (positive or negative). Il est sur le point de tomber.   Hes about to fall. French Helping Verbs Any verb that can be followed by an infinitive may be a semi-auxiliary, including (but not limited to): adorer: to adore doingaimer:  to like, love doing(s)arrà ªter de:  to stop doingchercher à  :  to look to dochoisir de:  to choose to docontinuer à  /de:  to continue to docroire:  to believe (that one) doesdemander de:  to ask todà ©sirer:  to desire todà ©tester:  to hate doingdire (à   quelquun) de:  to tell (someone) to dosefforcer de:  to endeavor to doespà ©rer:  to hope to doessayer de:  to try doingfalloir:  to be necessary to dohà ©siter à  :  to hesitate to dointerdire (à   qqun) de:  to forbid (someone) to dopenser:  to be thinking of, to consider doingpermettre:  to allow to dopersister à  :  to persist in doingpromettre:  to promise to doprà ©fà ©rer:  to prefer doingrefuser de:  to refuse to dorisquer de:  to risk doing, to possibly dosouhaiter:  to hope to dotà ¢cher de:  to try doingtenter de:  to attempt doingvoir:  to see (someone) do, to see (something) done Word Order with Semi-Auxiliary Verbs   Semi-auxiliary verbs are used in what I call  dual-verb constructions, which have a slightly different word order than compound verb tenses. Dual verb constructions consist of a conjugated  semi-auxiliary verb, such as  pouvoir,  devoir,  vouloir,  aller,  espà ©rer, and  promettre, followed by a second verb in the infinitive. The two verbs may or may not be joined by a preposition. Agreement with Semi-Auxiliary Verbs In semi-auxiliary verb constructions, any direct object belongs to the infinitive, not the semi-auxiliary verb. Therefore, the past participle never agrees with any direct object.   Its a decision that I hated to make.RIGHT: Cest une dà ©cision que jai dà ©testà © prendre.WRONG: Cest une dà ©cision que jai dà ©testà ©e prendre. Here are the books that I wanted to read.Right: Voici les livres que jai voulu lire.  Wrong: Voici les livres que jai voulus lire. However, there may be other kinds of agreement: With the subject of the sentence, if the auxiliary verb of the semi-auxiliary is à ªtre (e.g., Nous sommes venus aider).With the subject of the infinitive.

The Jeffersonian Republicans and Federalists - 1211 Words

The Jeffersonian Republicans and Federalists By 1817 the great American experiment was in full swing. America was developing into an effective democratic nation. However as the democracy continued to grow, two opposing political parties developed, the Jeffersonian Republicans and the Federalists. The Jeffersonian Republicans believed in strong state governments, a weak central government, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. The Federalists saw it differently. They opted for a powerful central government with weaker state governments, and a loose interpretation of the Constitution. The seemingly solid divide between Federalist and Republican would begin to blur during the presidencies of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.†¦show more content†¦Seeing as the Constitution said nothing in accordance to drafting men for the army, Madison believed that it should not be done. In March of 1817, when Madison vetoed an internal improvement bill, he continued to maintain R epublican ideals. The Republicans believed that internal improvements should be carried out by the states. If the improvements were not going to benefit the nation as a whole, but only a region of the nation such as the Northeast it could not be funded by the federal government. He states this in a message to Congress, â€Å"†¦such a power is not expressly given by the Constitution†¦the permanent success of the Constitution depends on a definite partition of powers between the general and the state governments...I have no option but to withhold my signature from it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Document H). As Madison’s presidency progressed war came to the nation. The United States declared war on Britain on June 18, 1812 for a combination of reasons focused on violation of Americas neutral rights in regards to Britain’s war with France, especially the impressment of American sailors into the Royal Navy, British restraints on neutral trade, and alleged British military su pport for American Indians who were hostile to the United States. During war time the Federalist Party began to dissolveShow MoreRelatedThe Fears Of The Federalists And The Jeffersonian Republicans852 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment. This issue divided the people into two groups, the federalists and the Jeffersonian republicans. Alexander Hamilton led the federalists and Thomas Jefferson led the republicans. These two important men in history would later show how the challenges of becoming a new nation. In this essay I will be analyzing the ideas of Linda K. Kerber’s â€Å"The Fears of the Federalists,† to Drew R. McCoy’s â€Å"The Fears of the Jeffersonian Republicans.† Furthermore, comparisons will be made about both essays toRead More The Jeffersonian Republicans And Federalists Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pagestwo opposing political parties developed, the Jeffersonian Republicans and the Federalists. The Jeffersonian Republicans believed in strong sta te governments, a weak central government, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. The Federalists saw it differently. They opted for a powerful central government with weaker state governments, and a loose interpretation of the Constitution. The seemingly solid divide between Federalist and Republican would begin to blur during the presidencies ofRead More Jeffersonian Republicans Vs. Federalists Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagesnation, many changes occurred. 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The federalists craved for a mighty central government with less powerful state governments, andRead MoreCompare And Contrast Jeffersonian Federalists And Hamiltonian Government1575 Words   |  7 Pagesviews of government and economy. After America achieved independence from Great Britain in 1783, the fledgling nation needed its people to guide it towards a firm and steady future. The two political parties — the Hamiltonian Federalists and the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans — under their respective leaders Hamilton and Jefferson, each had a differing visio n for the nation’s future, planting the seeds of new political parties for generations to come. While Hamilton preferred less individual andRead More Federalists VS Jeffersoneans Essay710 Words   |  3 PagesFederalists VS Jeffersoneans With respect to the federal Constitution, the Jeffersonian Republicans are usually characterized as strict constructionists who were opposed to the broad constructionism of the Federalists. As history dictates, this is found to be substantially accurate. Federalists were firm believers in the production of a strong central government and a broad interpretation of the Constitution. However, the Democratic Republicans believed that the government should followRead More Jeffersonian Republicans Essay730 Words   |  3 PagesJeffersonian Republicans With respect to the federal constitution, the Jeffersonian Republicans are usually characterized as strict constructionists who were opposed to the broad constructionism of the Federalists. To what extent was this characterization of the two parties accurate during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison. Before 1801, the Jeffersonian Republicans were usually strict constructionists of the constitution. However during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison theyRead MoreCapitalism And A New Social1038 Words   |  5 PagesCapitalism and a New Social Order- The Republican Vision of the1790’s Joyce Appleby Nathalia Francio Cocenza As soon as the Federalists and the Republicans figured out that the America’s future was at risk, they knew it was time for a change. Hope; this is what moved the Republicans towards the creation of a new social order. The election of 1800 was very significant for a couple of reasons; it gave Thomas Jefferson the presidency of the United States, but most importantly, â€Å"the election constitutesRead MoreDBQ Jeffersonian vs. Federalists1223 Words   |  5 Pagesthe termination of the Federalist party. The conflicts were between two parties called the Jeffersonian Republicans and the Federalists. The Federalist party was officially started by John Adams. John Adams was also a loose constructionist just like all the other Federalists. Federalists were in favor of a strong central government. On the other side, was Thomas Jefferson who was in office from 1801 to 1809. Jefferson started the Jeffersonian Republican party. The Jeffersonians were strict constructionistsRead MoreA lexander Hamilton Vs. Thomas Jefferson871 Words   |  4 PagesConflicting views and contrasting ideologies have always existed throughout the history of United States politics. Alexander Hamilton, who led Federalist Party, believed that a powerful central government was necessary while Thomas Jefferson, who led the Jeffersonian Republican Party, favored an agrarian nation with most of the power left to the states. Although Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson were similar in that they both harbored good intentions and tried to keep the best interests in

The Principal Crusades Free Essays

The Crusades were a series of Holy Wars launched by the Christian states of Europe against the Saracens and the rescuing of holy places of Palestine from the hands of the Mohammedans. (Alchin 1) There were eight Crusades in number; the first four were sometimes called the Principal Crusades, and the remaining four were the called the Minor Crusades. (Alchin 1) The Principal Crusades, however, were considered to be the most important. We will write a custom essay sample on The Principal Crusades or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Alchin 1) The Principal Crusades started because of key people or key events, which led to affect history. Every crusade contained key people, which helped spark the crusades, or contained key leaders that were important in conquering them. The first impulse to the Crusade came from an appeal of the eastern emperor, Michael VII to Pope Gregory VII for aid against the Seljuks. (Walker 2) Alexius I, a stronger ruler tan him immediate predecessors in Constantinople, saw the divisive squabbles among the Seljuk chieftain as an opportunity to take the offensive. (Walker 2) He, therefore, appealed to Pope Urban II for assistance in raising a body of western knights to help him recover his lost Asiatic provinces. Walker 2) Urban called on all Christendom to take part in the work, promising a complete remission of sins to those who would take the arduous journey. (Walker 2) The leaders of the first Crusade included some of the most distinguished representatives of European knighthood. (Alchin 2) Count Raymond of Toulouse headed a band of volunteers from a Province in southern France. (Alchin 2) Go dfrey of Bouillon and his brother Baldwin commanded a force of French and Germans from the Rhinelands. (Alchin 2) Normandy sent Robert, William the Conqueror’s eldest son. Waring 167) The Normans from Italy and Sicily were led by Bohemond, a son of Robert Guiscard, and his nephew Tancred. (Alchin 2) All of these men were key leaders in the first Crusade. In 1145, Pope Eugenius III proclaimed a new crusade and in 1147 the second crusade set forth, but it showed little of the fiery enthusiasm which the first crusade possessed. (Walker 4) The contagion of the holy enthusiasm seized not only barons, knights, and the common people, but kings and emperors were now infected with the sacred frenzy. (Alchin 11) The key leaders of the second crusade were two monarchs, Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany. Alchin 11) Conrad III, emperor of Germany, was persuaded to leave the affairs of his distracted empire in the hands of God, and consecrate himself to the defense of the sepul cher of Christ. (Buddy 11) Louis VII. , king of France, was led to undertake the crusade through remorse for an act of great cruelty that he had perpetrated upon some of his revolted subjects. (Alchin 11) The key men of the third crusade were both distinct leaders. King Richard I of England, who was later given the title the â€Å"Lion-hearted†, was the central figure among the Christians knights of this crusade. Alchin 16) The other was Saladin, chief of the Mohammedans, who was not lacking in any of those knightly virtues with which the writers of the time invested the character of the English hero. (Alchin 20) At one time, when Richard was sick with a fever, Saladin, knowing that he was poorly supplied with delicacies, sent him a gift of the choicest fruits of the land. (Alchin 20) On another occasion, Richard’s horse having been killed in battle, the sultan caused a fine Arabian steed to be led to the Christian camp as a present for his rival. Alchin 20) For two ye ars Richard the Lion-hearted vainly contended in almost daily combat with his generous antagonist for the possession of the tomb of Christ. (Alchin 20) Both of these men contributed to the third crusade. The fourth Crusade was authored by only one person, and that person only had one goal. The young, enthusiastic and ambitious Pope Innocent III sought once more to unite the force of Christendom against Islam. (Cairns 216) No emperor or king answered his summons, but a number of knights took the crusader’s vow. Alchin 24) None of the Crusades, after the Third, effected much in the Holy Land; either their force was spent before reaching it, or they were diverted from their purpose by different objects and ambitions. (Alchin 24) All of these key figures helped spark the Principal Crusades. The results from the key events were the end of the Principal Crusades. These events that follow helped the Christians prevail over the Muslims. Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lorraine, and Tanc red lead an expedition to recapture Jerusalem. (Alchin 5) The expedition numbered about seven hundred thousand men, of which one hundred thousand were called knights. Alchin 5) The crusaders traversed Europe by different routes and reassembled at Constantinople. (Alchin 5) Crossing the Bosphorus, they first captured Nicaea, the Turkish capital, in Bithynia, and then set out across Asia Minor for Syria. (Alchin 5) Arriving at Antioch, the survivors captured that place, and then, after some delays, pushed on towards Jerusalem. (Alchin 5) The Siege of Antioch had lasted from  October 1097 to June 1098. (Alchin 5) Reduced now to perhaps one-fourth of their original numbers, the crusaders advanced slowly to the city which formed the goal of all their efforts, Jerusalem. Alchin 6) When the Crusaders were in full view of the Holy City, a perfect delirium of joy seized the crusaders. (Alchin 6) They embraced one another with tears of joy, and even embraced and kissed the ground on which t hey stood. (Alchin 6) As they passed on, they took off their shoes, and marched with uncovered heads and bare feet before attacking it. (Alchin 6) Then the grand assault came. The first assault made by the Christians upon the walls of the city was repulsed; but the second was successful, and the city was in the hands of the crusaders by July 1099. Alchin 7) Once inside the city, the crusaders massacred their enemies without mercy. (Alchin 7) The fall and massacre of the city of Edessa sparked the second crusade. In the year 1146, the city of Edessa, the bulwark of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem on the side towards Mesopotamia, was taken by the Turks, and the entire population was slaughtered, or sold into slavery. (Alchin 9) This disaster threw the entire West into a state of the greatest alarm, lest the little Christian state and all the holy places should again fall into the hands of the infidels. Alchin 9) The second crusade, though begun under the most favorable auspices, had an unhappy ending. (Alchin 12) Of the great host that set out from Europe, only a few thousands escaped annihilation in Asia Minor at the hands of the Turks. (Alchin 12) Louis and Conrad, with the remnants of their armies, made a joint attack on Damascus, but had to raise the siege after a few days. (Alchin 12) This closed the second crusade. The capture of Jerusalem by Saladin stimulated the third crusade. Having made himself sultan of Egypt, Saladin united the Moslems of Syria under his sway and then advanced against the Latin  Kingdom of Jerusalem. Alchin 14) The Christians met him in a great battle near the lake of Galilee. (Alchin 14) It ended in the rout of their army and the capture of their king. (Alchin 14) Saladin quickly reaped the fruits of victory. (Alchin 14) The Christian cities of Syria opened their gates to him, and at last Jerusalem itself surrendered after a short siege. (Alchin 14) The news of the taking of Jerusalem spread consternation throughout western Christ endom. (Alchin 15) The cry for another crusade arose on all sides. (Alchin 15) Once more thousands of men sewed the cross in gold, or silk, or cloth upon their garments and set out for the Holy Land. Alchin 15) When the three greatest rulers of Europe, King Philip Augustus of France, King Richard I of England, and the German emperor, Frederick Barbarossa heard about the catastrophe; they set out, each at the head of a large army, for the recovery of the Holy City of Jerusalem. (Walker 5) Thus the third crusade began. The crusaders of the fourth expedition captured Constantinople instead of Jerusalem. The crusaders took Constantinople by storm. (Alchin 26) No infidels could have been treated in a worse fashion than this home of ancient civilization. Alchin 26) They burned down a great part of it; they slaughtered the inhabitants; they wantonly destroyed monuments, statues, paintings, and manuscripts—the accumulation of a thousand years—and carried away much of the movab le wealth. (Alchin 26) Never had there been such plunder since the world began. (Alchin 26) The results of these events played important roles in the Principal Crusades. The effect of the Principal Crusades had historical implications on society. At the recapturing of Jerusalem of the first crusade, a terrible slaughter of the infidels took place. Alchin 7) For seven days the carnage went on, at the end of it, scarcely any of the Moslem faith was left alive. (Alchin 7) The Christians took possession of the houses and property of the infidels, each soldier having a right to that which he had first seized and placed his mark upon. (Alchin 7) All of this was the affect of the first crusade. At the retreating from the siege of Damascus of the second crusade, the strength of both the French and the German division of the expedition was wasted in Asia Minor, and the crusade accomplished nothing. (Alchin 12) Thus was the end of the second Crusade. In the third crusade, although Richard was unsuccessful in recapturing Jerusalem, he did get Saladin to agree to give pilgrims free access to the city without paying tribute. (Cairns 214) After the truce, Richard set sail for England, and with his departure from the Holy Land the third crusade came to an end. (Cairns 214) Thus was the end of the third crusade. Although the crusaders of the fourth crusade had plundered from the sack of Constantinople, it had a negative effect. Constantinople declined in strength and could no longer cope with the barbarians menacing it. (Alchin 28) Two centuries later the city fell easily to the Turks. Alchin 28) Their greed and lust for power turned the fourth crusade into a political adventure. (Alchin 28) Thus was the ending of the fourth crusade. These were the historical affects of the Principal Crusades. The trigger of the Principal Crusades was from the emulation of key leaders and the stimulation of key events, which both had negative and posit ive effects on history. The crusades were great military expeditions undertaken by the Christian nations of Europe. There purpose, to take back former Christian nations from pagans and to restore Christianity throughout them. Works Cited Alchin, Linda. â€Å"The Crusades. † Middle Ages. N. S. , 16 July 2006. Web. 3 Mar. 2011. http://www. middle-ages. org. uk/the-crusades. htm Buddy. â€Å"A Brief History of the Crusades. † My Discipleship Journal (2010). Print. Cairns, Earl. Christianity through the Centuries: a History of the Christian Church. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996. Print. Walker. â€Å"The Crusades. † Theology Website. N. S. , 1997. Web. 3 Mar. 2011. http://theologywebsite. com/ history/crusades. shtml. Waring, Diana. Romans, Reformers, and Revolutionaries. Petersburg: Thomas Nelson Publishers, Inc. , 2008. Print. How to cite The Principal Crusades, Papers

Logistics And Supply Chain Management Coca Cola Group

Question: Discuss about the Report for Logistics And Supply Chain Management for Coca Cola Group. Answer: Introduction: Coca Cola is the global leader in production of non alcoholic beverages or soft drinks. It is one of the most trusted and valued brand in the world. It sells more than 400 brands in more than 200 countries (coca-colacompany.com, 2016). So, we can say that it is one of the most recognized brands in the world. It started its journey in 1886 by Asa Griggs Candler in Atlanta and has covered more than a decade with both prosperity and challenges (coca-colacompany.com, 2016). Coca cola serves more than 1.8 billion customers daily globally. This has been possible for its strategic supply chain management system. Although the basic recipe of the soft drink has remained the same over the years, it is the different applications and implementations of the supply chain management system that brings success to the organization. The multi-pronged tactics have been circumspectly calculated to distribute fresh products, stocked shelves and meet customers need and demand, no matter if the trade is th rough at super market in USA or a small retailer in India ("Cokes Muhtar Kent: Innovation Starts and Ends With the Consumer", 2016). The most common competitors of Coca Cola on a global scale are PepsiCo, Dr Pepper Snapple Inc., Monster Beverage Corp., and Suntory Beverage Food Ltd.; The Coca Cola Company has strategically succeeded in holding the lead position in the industry. As the supply chain manger of The Coca Cola Company, I am developing the following report to analyse the effectiveness of the four key flows in the supply chain, the make process and the supply chain forecasting. Also, based on my analysis I would be recommending improvements in the supply chain management. The Key Flows in Supply Chain: The supply chain system in soft drink industry is as same as other major industries: the manufactures, the distributors, the retailers and the end users or the customers. Though Coca Cola has more customized and complex supply chain management model that we are going to discuss in this report. Although The Coca Cola Company has vast brand and product diversity, so we are going to focus on particularly the brand of Coca Cola. The Product Flow: The Coca Cola is unique because it only produces the syrup concentrate and then it is distributed to diverse bottlers globally. It has only one bottling plant in North America which is known as Coca Cola Refreshments. But in most cases, the Coca Cola bottlers hold special territorial contacts with the organization receive the syrup concentrate from Coca Cola and produce the finished canned or bottled products. The final product is produced by concentrating the syrup concentrates with filtered water and other sweeteners. Then in the next process, the products are sold to distributors and merchandise which then goes to retailers or restaurants, or vending machines. The syrup concentrate is a syrup recipe of The Coca Cola which is kept trade secret and so there is a very little to no information about the actual ingredients or the costs that is required to produce the syrup concentration. The other ingredients that are used in manufacturing of Coca Cola soft drinks are Carbonated water, sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup, caffeine, phosphoric acid v. Caramel (E150d) and Natural flavours. Coca Cola has formed different strategic supply chain partnership with diverse suppliers who supply these ingredients to the organization. Coca Cola has been concentrating on independent bottlers who are responsible for majority of the sales of Coca Cola products that are sold globally. These bottlers receive the syrup concentration and are free to add more or less sugar according to the adoption of the local taste. Although these bottlers are on territorial contracts but they are free to distribution rights in their pre defined geographical location. Even if Coca Cola has set some predefined set of rules and regulations like operational processes, management of customer relationship and grievances management but they also experience freedom regarding developing other functional areas like workforce management, distribution management, and improving credit lines. The bottling plant s have their own supply chain management systems. The Cash Flow: Currently, the total number of individual bottling production and distribution unit of globally are 742 and 650 respectively. The management is working to give more freedom to the individual producers and distributors. According to a recent report, the total cash that the management has like cash in hand is $7.31 billion. In 2015, the total revenue that was collected by Coca cola was $10.53 billion. The Information Flow: The information flow within the Coca Cola is effectively managed which consist of forecasting methods, capacity administration, supplier management and other inventory and sales management are well connected between the head office and the production plant. The Coca Cola uses software which is BASES which controls the whole ERP for the global operations. Quarries related to production, management and customer grievances are handled through this software. The software constitutes information regarding regional sales, per capita consumption development, customer feedback regarding new product launch, sales forecasting, supplier management data, and other related data which is required for organizations operations. The production information comprises forecasting measures; the capacity management, multiple vendor management and other sales information which are equally distributed in the head office as well as in the production plant. The Reverse Flow: The Coca Cola has also an effective reverse logistics or return management in its integrated logistics. Missing the reverse flow management is like omitting and important aspect of the supply chain system. The Coca Cola reverse management system manages the source of return and the cause of the return. Figure: The Supply Chan Management System of the Coca Cola Company Source: Formulated by the author. The Make Process: The Production Planning Process: The basic product of Coca Cola is a concentrated drink and sugar based liquid which are mixed to produce the syrup concentration which is then distributed in bottling plants globally for producing the Coca Cola soft drink. The Coca Cola Company transports the syrup concentration to the individual plants that then produce the drink according to local tastes with mixing refined water. The water is purified through a number of filtration processes to make certain the purity of the water that is used to produce the drink. To make the drink fizzy, Carbon dioxide is stored in plants and then piped in the production process by carbonator and cooler. To maintain the quality standards and safety at workplace, Coca Cola Specifies the measure that should be adopted in these bottling plants. Also, The Coca Cola Company has taken one step further regarding quality control by regular samples are collected from the plants to culture in laboratories to ensure the plants are following the quality sta ndards set by Coca Cola. The plants are provided with the most modern technology existing and also promotes to use the most modern computer technology and statistical process control methods (Rushton, et al. 2014). The packaging process is united by rapid filling methods. The bottling plants have automated production line, where Coca cola bottles and cans are filled automatically with precise amount of the beverage. While the bottles and cans progress the length of production line, they are seamed with ring pull for cans and crowns for bottles and fabricate the finished product. For plastic bottles, they are first bought as test-tube size and are ballooned into bottle shape. The process is completed by scrutinizing the bottles and cans for any leakage or damage. Every can and bottle is coded with an individual code so that it can be tracked. It also includes a date code guarantees which ensures the freshness of the drink. The end product is that we see in the vending machines or in retail shops. Due to its ever growing demand, the management of The Coca Cola Company has adopted the continuous flow production. It is process where the production process is constantly repetitive and indistinguishable stuff goes all the way through the identical series of operations. To ensure a 24 hour production, the bottling plants uses a computer controlled automatic systems. To ensure quality production methods, the quality control employees observe the product and collect test samples. To ensure zero errors, the quality control employees collect statistically selected samples towards the end of the production line. By conducting chemical tests and analysis, they make certain the quality of the product and ensure they meet the standards set by The Coca Cola. It is also their duty to check the packaging. After the production and quality control process, the bottles and cans are ready for distribution. For distribution, the management uses an automatic machine which is known as the case former, which generates the casing so that the cans and bottles are protected when they are arranged on pallets. Then they are distributed to various locations on big distribution trucks. According to my recommendation, the process can be improved if the organization implements a centralized distribution planning process. This can reduce cost and bring effectiveness in the system. For instance, this type of centralized distribution system is used in Walmart. The Material Requirement Planning or MRP: In Coca Cola the Material Requirement Planning or MRP is utilized to create, manage, execute, preserve and constantly develop the soft drink quality and safety management system also keeping harmony with the needs of the organization that constitutes the products and packaging materials supplied to the Coca-Cola system. There is a designated person to monitor the performance of the system who is responsible for the performance of the system with responsibility to report to the higher authority. The Supply Chain Forecast: In any organizational supply chain, forecasting is crucial because it establishes the organizational operational performances. In the strategic business development plans and projects the function if the economic analyst becomes very crucial (Ballou, 2007). An effective forecasting offers a projection of the future demand and change in the customer preferences. It helps in planning strategic business plans to face challenges and changes in the business environment. A successful forecast plan ensures that there is a little gap between the forecast and the actual scenario (Van Weele, 2009). For multinational organizations like Coca Cola a long term forecast will be more suitable to strategically plan and sustain in the market. This will help the organization in new expansions and planning for long term financial conditions. Long term forecasting also fabricates the planning of human resource demand supply (Hieber, 2002). A long term forecast generally lengths 3-10 years in period. Wher eas the management can adopt short term forecasting for reduction of cost of raw materials, planning and implementing sales target, promotional campaigns and short term financial conditions. A forecasting technique is often not accurate but both qualitative as well as quantitative forecasts can be enhanced by gathering participation with the trade partners (Christopher, 2016). The qualitative methods comprise of assumptions and intuitions but quantitative forecasting method is more scientific with use of mathematical and statistical tools. There are mainly qualitative methods, they are: Jury of Executive Opinion, Delphi Method, Customer Survey and Sales Force Composite (Tayur, et al. 2012). Whereas, there are four types of qualitative forecasting methods, they are: Trend variation, cyclical variation, Seasonal variations and Random Variations. As the business environment and the customer demand is shifting and where the situation is uncertain, analysts should rely on qualitative met hods. They should forecast the future by analysing the past trends and patterns. To a degree, non-linear models are efficient to capture the degree of discontinuities however forecasting does not generally effort to deal with this issue (Hugos, 2011). Although according to scholars, there is a modest relation among the average forecast accuracy and inventory performance. The processes create related total costs but the less accurate process gives superior customer service. To meet the customer demand and cope with the shifting taste, the Coca Cola Company should introduce the Consumer survey method to trap the change in the customer demand and analyse the possible factors so that they can effectively face the changing challenges. An effective demand forecast ensures efficient planning and implementation of the resources for business sustainability (Ross, 2013). It is an essential part of demand management as it endows with an approximate demand and foundation for planning and taking effective business decisions. A difference in supply and demand would end in unnecessary inventory and also hamper the brand image. So, a successful analysis should implement both qualitative as well as quantitative analysis to fabricate forecast for planning process. Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replacement is a method in which organizational departments work mutually to build up equally satisfying strategy and take accountability on behalf of their activities (Wisner, et al. 2014). Conclusion: The above study was conducted to study the effectiveness of the four key flows in the supply chain, the make process and the supply chain forecasting of Coca Cola Company. Also, based on my analysis I have recommended development in the supply chain management. The report is an analysis from the point of view of a supply chain manager. This study has discussed the key flow in supply chain in context to product, financial, information and return flow of Coca Cola Company. Also, in the nest part the production process of the Coca Cola drink is critically discussed and according to analysis I have recommended how the process can be improved. Lastly, we have discussed about the significance of the supply chain forecasting in context to the selected organization. In the report we have discussed the importance of forecasting in business decision. The accomplishment of the forecasting purpose is extremely dependent relative on the point of organization support (Blanchard, 2010). In the cont emporary business most of the multinational organizations understand the importance of forecast. Reference: Ballou, R. H. 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